References and Acknowledgements

This online project was developed with the support of Digital Museums Canada, an investment program managed by the Canadian Museum of History.

Curation and Project Lead: Blessing Ogunyemi, PhD Student

Research Team: Gabriela Sealy, MA Student & Alex Allasra, MA Student

Academic and Archival Consultant: Emilie Andrée Roumer Jabouin, PhD

Academic Advisor: Ruth Rodney, RN, PhD, Associate Director of Harriet Tubman Institute

Translation Service: Cheikh Nguirane, PhD, Associate Professor & Ruthneldha Attilus, Undergraduate student

Alternative Text: Blessing Ogunyemi, PhD Student

Revisions: Gabriela Sealy, MA Student & Ruthneldha Attilus, Undergraduate student

Project Conceptualization: Gertrude Mianda, PhD, Professor & Nathanael Ojong, PhD, Associate Professor

Special thanks to:

• David Sharron, Head, Archives & Special Collections, and Edie Williams, Archives Processing Specialist at Archives & Special Collections, Brock University Library, St. Catharines.
• Michelle Robbins and the Team at the Buxton National Historic Site & Museum, North Buxton.
• Dr. Rosemary Sadlier
• Dr. Afua Ava Pamela Cooper
• Prof. Lorne Foster
• Dr. James C. Simeon, School of Public Policy and Administration, York University
• Ms. Jacqueline Bernard and the Team at the Josiah Henson Museum of African-Canadian History
• Amherstburg Freedom Museum

References:

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Bradford, Sarah. Harriet Tubman: The Moses of Her People. H. S. Stone & Company, 1869.

—. Scenes in the Life of Harriet Tubman. Lee & Shepard, 1869

Brown, Cheryl. “Retracing the Underground Railroad, Part II.” The Black Voice News, Special Collectors Edition, 1998, pp. 28-29.

Broyld, Dann J. “Harriet Tubman: Transnationalism and the Land of a Queen in the Late Antebellum.” Meridians, vol. 12, no. 2, 2014, pp. 78-98. Duke University Press, https://doi.org/10.2979/meridians.12.2.78.

“Buxton Museum.” National Trust for Canada, https://nationaltrustcanada.ca/destinations/buxton-museum. Accessed 5 Dec. 2024.

Clifton, Lucille. Come Celebrate with Me. Dutton, 1991.

“Community History.” Salem Chapel BME Church: Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad National Historic Site, https://salemchapelbmechurch.ca/community-history.html. Accessed 1 Feb. 2025.

Cooper, Afua. The Underground Railroad: Next Stop, Freedom. HarperCollins Canada, 2006.

—. Interview. Conducted by Blessing Ogunyemi, 13 Dec. 2024.

Foster, Lorne. Interview. Conducted by Blessing Ogunyemi, 4 Dec. 2024.

“Geneva Street British Methodist Episcopal Church, 1945.” St. Catharines Standard/Niagara Falls Review Photograph Collection, Brock University Library, 23 Nov. 1945, https://exhibits.library.brocku.ca/s/st-catharines-standard-niagara-falls-review-photograph-collection/item/14972. Accessed 1 Feb. 2025.

“Geneva Street British Methodist Episcopal Church, 1975.” St. Catharines Standard/Niagara Falls Review Photograph Collection, Brock University Library, 27 Jan. 1975, https://exhibits.library.brocku.ca/s/st-catharines-standard-niagara-falls-review-photograph-collection/item/14976. Accessed 1 Feb. 2025.

“Harriet.” Directed by Kasi Lemmons, performances by Cynthia Erivo, Leslie Odom Jr., and Janelle Monáe, Focus Features, 2019.

“Harriet Ross Tubman Plaque, Feb 1993.” St. Catharines Standard/Niagara Falls Review Photograph Collection, Brock University Library, Feb. 1993, https://exhibits.library.brocku.ca/s/st-catharines-standard-niagara-falls-review-photograph-collection/item/15299. Accessed 15 Mar. 2025.

“Harriet Tubman.” Miller NAWSA Suffrage Scrapbooks, 1897-1911, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress, www.loc.gov/collections/national-american-woman-suffrage-association-naWSA-suffrage-scrapbooks/. Accessed 1 Feb. 2025.

“Harriet Tubman: Moses of Her People.” Directed by Gary Nelson, performances by Cicely Tyson, Ossie Davis, and Michael Wright, Hallmark Hall of Fame, 2004.

Henson, Josiah. Uncle Tom’s Story of His Life: An Autobiography of the Rev. Josiah Henson: The True Life Story Behind Uncle Tom’s Cabin. Madison & Adams Press, 2019.

“History of Windsor.” University of Windsor, https://www.uwindsor.ca/history/332/history-windsor. Accessed 10 Dec. 2024.

“Home.” John Freeman Walls Historic Site and Underground Railroad Museum, https://www.undergroundrailroadmuseum.org. Accessed 1 Feb. 2025.

Jabouin, Emilie. “Black Women Writers: Newspapers, Expressive Cultures, and Organizing in English-Canada, 1890s-1910s.” PhD dissertation, Toronto Metropolitan University Press, 2024.

Landon, Fred. “Amherstburg, Terminus of the Underground Railroad.” The Journal of Negro History, vol. 49, no. 1, 1964, pp. 25-34. JSTOR, https://www.jstor.org/stable/2713665. Accessed 25 Nov. 2024.

Larson, Sarah. Harriet Tubman: The Road to Freedom. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2004.

“Niagara Falls in Winter, 4 February 1931.” St. Catharines Standard/Niagara Falls Review Photograph Collection, Brock University Archives and Special Collections, 4 Feb. 1931, https://exhibits.library.brocku.ca/s/st-catharines-standard-niagara-falls-review-photograph-collection/item/13352. Accessed 1 Feb. 2025.

“Oakville Black History – James Wesley Hill.” YouTube, uploaded by Your TV Halton, 2021, https://youtu.be/SNUxbLywOpw?si=hHK6ki7UmedVYp-L. Accessed 1 Feb. 2025.

“Permanent Exhibits.” Amherstburg Freedom Museum, https://amherstburgfreedom.org/permanent-exhibits/. Accessed 1 Feb. 2025.

“Portrait of Harriet Tubman by Lindsley, Harvey B., 1842-1921.” Emily Howland Photograph Album LOT 15020, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, D.C., https://www.loc.gov/item/2018645051/. Accessed 1 Feb. 2025.

“Reclaiming Josiah Henson.” Ontario Heritage Trust, https://www.heritagetrust.on.ca/properties/josiah-henson-museum/reclaiming-josiah-henson. Accessed 1 Feb. 2025.

Sadlier, Rosemary. Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad. Scholastic Canada, 1997.

—. Harriet Tubman: Freedom Seeker, Freedom Leader. James Lorimer & Company, 2012.

—. Interview. Conducted by Blessing Ogunyemi, 15 Nov. 2024.

“Sandwich First Baptist Church National Historic Site.” Parks Canada, https://parks.canada.ca/culture/designation/lieu-site/sandwich. Accessed 1 Feb. 2025.

Still, William. The Underground Railroad: A Record of Facts, Authentic Narratives, and Letters. Porter & Coates, 1872.

Stowe, Harriet Beecher. Uncle Tom’s Cabin. John P. Jewett & Company, 1852.

“The Underground Railroad.” City of St. Catharines, https://www.stcatharines.ca/en/arts-culture-and-events/the-underground-railroad.aspx. Accessed 5 Dec. 2024.

“The Underground Railroad & Oakville.” Oakville News, 4 Aug. 2013, https://www.oakvillenews.org/local-news/the-underground-railroad-oakville-8475638. Accessed 5 Dec. 2024.

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“Who Was James W. Hill?” James W. Hill Public School, Halton District School Board, https://jwh.hdsb.ca/who-was-james-w-hill. Accessed 1 Feb. 2025.