14

Caulks: (pronounced corks) At one time these were steel nails driven into the soles of logging boots. Today they are threaded and replacable. Caulk boots help give loggers good traction on logs.

15

Norm Horn standing on large log. Logging slash in background.
1994
Mission Tree Farm

16

Knob and bell on a choker line. Larger bell in background.
2003
Mission, British Columbia

17

Choker: A length of cable or wire rope, usually seven eighths or one inch diameter and about twenty-two feet long with a knob at one end, a sliding "bell" in the middle (seen attached to the bell in the detail photo) and an eye at the other end.
The eye end is attached to butt-rigging; the chokerman pulls the choker wire to his log, loops the end around the log, and fastens the knob into the bell.
In the photo with the big log, the chokerman has the choker hooked up.

18

Donkey, loading a truck at spar tree.
1950

19

Cold deck: A pile of logs yarded to a spar tree and left for future loading or possibly continued yarding

20

Alex McKee and Thomas Edwards moving gas donkey engine on a sleigh.
1928
Mission, British Columbia

21

Donkey: Slang for the machine with the drums and cables that sits at the bottom of a spar tree and yards (pulls) logs into the landing.
This donkey engine -1928- was run on a model T Ford engine. In this photo the donkey is moving to a new logging site by using its own cables to pull itself forward, a very common practice. A "donkey" may be any machine used to perform heavy hauling.

This description of a "Donkey" related accident is quoted from the back of a (c1910) postcard:

"This Donkey business is very dangerous. A fellow in the next camp was killed the other day - the wire jumped & he got caught in it & wound around the drum and through the gear compound. They picked him out in 4 pieces. Some of the Donkeys have 2 miles of 1 Ľ on the main line drums so you can imagine they are quite the machines."

22

Art Little on a rock face with logging slash in the background.
1935
Mission, British Columbia

23

Goat show: An extremely steep logging operation.

24

Bill Thomas on donkey sleigh.
1948
Hatzic, Mission, British Columbia

25

Haul-back: The line attatched to the butt-bigging that pulls the mainline and chokers back to the next turn in the woods. The log on an angle in this picture is dangling from the haul-back.

26

Hooker: The individual in charge of a rigging crew.

27

Henry Nicholson topping the wooden spar tree.
1934
Mission, British Columbia